Optimization of substrate composition and formulation for improved yields And – quality
Author:- Baki.Venkata lakshmi, Trainee of ANANTH AGRI SERVICES GORANTLA, Andhra Pradesh-515231
Email:- venkatalakshmi@cropcog.in
Abstract:-
In recent years, oyster mushrooms(Pleurotus ostreatus) has became the most cultivated mushrooms in the world,followed by milky mushrooms. Among many factors involved in a mushroom production, substrate preparation is the crucial step.which can be influenced by composting management techniques.Looking forward to optimizing the substrate preparation process,were tested different composting conditions (7 and 14 days of composting with or without conditioning), potential raw materials(decumbance grass,brizantha grass, sugarcane straw) and Nitrogen supplementation (with or without wheat bran) on oyster mushroom yield and biological efficiency (BE).The substrate composted for 7 days with conditioning showed higher yield and biological efficiency of mushroom 24.04 and 100.54% respectively). Substrate without conditioning(7 and 14 days of composting) showed smaller mushroom yield and biological efficiency.The fruiting bodies of mushrooms grown on different substrates were harvested at each flush separately up to the third flush. The highest yield was observed in the first flush and it was decreased in the second and third flush on all the substrates. Among different substrate I used, paddy straw substrate was superior and recorded highest yield in all the oyster mushroom species used.
Introduction:-
Mushrooms can be grown on different agricultural wastes or by-products of agro industry like paddy straw, ragi straw, coir pith, sawdust,cereal straw, corncob, banana leaves, hulled maize cobs and other plant fibers with high cellulose content.Demand for mushroom by consumers has been increasing day by day due to its nutritional and medicinal properties.For successful mushroom cultivation, three factors must be considered, namely reliable spawn, good substrate and a conducive environment. Substrates in mushroom cultivation have the same function as soil in plant production Substrate plays an important role in determining yield of mushroom.Collection of different substrates Paddy straw was collected from the local farmer’s
field and Sugarcane trash was collected from VC Farm, Mandya, Karnataka.
Treatments
Hypsizygus ulmarius
T1 – Paddy straw + Hypsizygus ulmarius
T2 – Sugarcane trash + Hypsizygus ulmarius
T3 – (Paddy straw + Sugarcane trash) + Hypsizygus ulmarius,
Pleurotus eous
T1 – Paddy straw + Pleurotus eous
T2 – Sugarcane trash + Pleurotus eous
T3 – (Paddy straw + Sugarcane trash) + Pleurotus eous
Pleurotus florida
T1 – Paddy straw + Pleurotus florida
T2 – Sugarcane trash + Pleurotus florida
T3 – (Paddy straw + Sugarcane trash) + Pleurotus florida
Calocybe indica
T1 – Paddy straw + Calocybe indica
T2 – Sugarcane trash + Calocybe indica
T3 – (Paddy straw + Sugarcane trash) + Calocybeindica
Note: Combination of paddy straw and sugarcane trash was used
in 1:1 ratio on weight basis.
Spawn Production:-
Spawn for mushroom cultivation was prepared by following the procedure of Krishnamoorthy (1981).The uninfected, clean sorghum grains were washed thrice in clean water and cooked until the seed coat was just opened. The moisture content of the half boiled grains was adjusted by air drying, to obtain around 50 to 55 per cent moisture. This was followed by mixing with 2 per cent calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and 2 percent calcium sulphate (CaSO4). This admixture (sorghum+ CaCO3 + CaSO4) was filled into Polypropylene bags of 15 × 20 cm of 250 gauge thickness.It was filled to 2/3 capacity to have proper aeration.Mouth of the poly propylene bag was closed with rubber band so as to avoid entry of moisture upon sterilization. The bags were sterilized in an autoclave at 121 °C and 15 psi for 30 minutes. After sterilization the bags were cooled to ambient temperature and inoculated with mother culture of different mushroom species viz., Hypsizygus ulmarius, Pleurotus florida,Pleurotus eous, Calocybe indica separately. The bags thus inoculated with oyster mushroom species such as Hypsizygus ulmarius, Pleurotus eous and
Pleurotus florida were incubated at 25 °C and those inoculated with milky mushroom Calocybe indica were incubated at 30 °C. Mushroom mycelium (cottony growth) covered the entire sorghum in the bag in about 10-12 days. After complete growth of mycelium on substrate, the spawn was used for cultivation.
Preparation of substrate:-
Sugarcane trash, paddy straw and combination of both the substrates were used for cultivation of both oyster and milky mushrooms. The substrates were chopped into 3-4 inches and soaked in clean cold water for 10-12 hr in a container. Then excess water was drained off, the substrates were pasteurized using steam for 30 minutes at 80 °C in an autoclave. The pasteurized substrates were spread on a clean cement floor inside the room and cooled to room temperature.
Spawning and cropping:-
The different substrates and their combinations has filled into polythene bags of 30cm and 45cm of size of 150 gauge of thickness.
Effect of different substrates on oyster and milky mushroom yield at three different flushes:-
The fruiting bodies of oyster and milky mushrooms grown on different substrates were harvested at each flush separately up to the third flush and the fresh weight (yield in grams per bag) was recorded. From the results, it is clear that significantly highest yield was observed in T1 (Paddy straw substrate) at all three flushes. In case of second flush, the paddy straw substrate as well as combination paddy straw and sugarcane trash as a substrate were found to be statistically on par with each other and lowest yield was recorded in the T2 treatment (Sugarcane trash) at all the three flushes.Calocybe indica. The yield of Calocybe indica was significantly higher in combination of paddy straw and sugarcane trash at all the three flushes (224.50, 166.66 and 61.33g bag-1 respectively), however, it was statistically on par with the substrate paddy straw alone at three flushes (221.16, 147.33 and 57.66 g bag-1 respectively).Significantly lowest yield was recorded in T2 treatment (Sugarcane trash) at all three flushes.
Reference:-
Fabricio Rocha vieira- optimization of substrate preparation for oyster mushroom cultivation by studies on different raw materials and substrate preparation strategies