Scientific Name: Psidium guajava.
\nFamily: Myrtaceae.
\nChromosome Number: 2n=44.<\/p>\n
Guava Varieties
\nSome of the popular varieties include:
\n\u2022\tLucknow 49 (the most popular variety, also called \u2018Sardar\u2019 guava).
\n\u2022\tAllahabad Safeda.
\n\u2022\tApple color.
\n\u2022\tPear Shaped.
\n\u2022\tBehat Coconut.
\n\u2022\tSafeda Jam (hybrid: Allahabad Safeda X Kohir).
\n\u2022\tKohir Safeda (hybrid: Kohir X Allahabad Safeda).
\n\u2022\tArka Mridula (soft-seeded).
\n\u2022\tArka Amulya (soft-seeded).
\n\u2022\tBanarasi.
\n\u2022\tChittidar.
\n\u2022\tBaruipur Local .
\n\u2022\tWhite-fleshed variety is a great choice for making juice. <\/p>\n
Climate Required
\nGuava farming is possible in both subtropical and tropical climes. It can reach a maximum height of 5000 feet (1500 metres) above sea level. Guava blossoms best in the months of June to September, when the annual rainfall is less than 1000 mm. Because young plants are more susceptible to cold and dry environments, they require more care.<\/p>\n
Soil Required
\nGuava is a hardy plant that thrives in a variety of soil conditions. It thrives on heavy soils that are well-drained. It is, nevertheless, susceptible to waterlogging. Because guava is surface-rooted, the best soil is well-drained, deep friable soil with rich topsoil.
\nThe soil should have a fertile surface. Its pH ranges from 4.5 to 8.2. Guavas cannot be grown on alkaline or saline soils. <\/p>\n
Time of Sowing
\nFebruary-March or August-September month is optimum time for planting of Guava. <\/p>\n
Spacing
\nFor planting use spacing of 6×5 m. Use of planting distance of 7m, then in square system, 132 plants can be accommodating in one acre. <\/p>\n
Sowing Depth
\nRoots should be sown at the depth of 25 cm. <\/p>\n
Methods of sowing
\nDirect sowing.
\nTransplanting method.
\nBudding.
\nRootstock raising. <\/p>\n
Land Preparation and Planting
\nMeanwhile the land should be prepared during the dry days by ploughing, leveling, and weeding. Dig pits measuring 1mx1mx1m before monsoon begins. Fill each hole with farmyard manure @ 25 Kg, SSP@500 gram, Neem Cake @15 Kg, Lindane powder@ 50 gram together with soil for needed fertilization as well as avoid termite invasion. Showing needs to be done during Aug \u2013 September for optimal result. (February and March is also chosen for planting). Maintain a sowing dept of 25-30 cm. <\/p>\n
Irrigation Requirement
\nThe guava tree does not require much watering. Guava plants in their early stages require 8-10 irrigations per year.
\nDry locations and light soils may require hand watering during the summer. Between May and July, full-grown and fruit-bearing trees require weekly watering.
\nFruit drop is reduced and fruit size is increased with winter watering. The guava crop benefits greatly from drip irrigation. It saves up to 60% of water and increases the number and size of fruits significantly.
\nTo keep moisture in the soil following pre-monsoon showers, make a saucer-shaped, half-moon, or V-shaped basins. <\/p>\n
Fertilizers
\nInorganic fertilizers and organic manure are quite beneficial for guava cultivation. Every year, give your plants 100 grams of nitrogen, 40 grams of phosphorus, and 40 grams of potassium. In the sixth year, you should be able to maintain your current level of stability. In August and January, divide them into two equal portions.
\nSpray the trees with 0.34 kg slaked lime and 0.45 kg ZnSO4 (Zinc Sulfate) dissolved in 16 gallons (72.74 l) water if the trees are deficient in zinc. Determine how many sprays to use based on the degree of the deficit.
\nApply pre-flowering sprays of 0.3 percent ZnSO4 and 0.4 percent Boric Acid to your guava crop to boost fruit size and yield. <\/p>\n
Weed management
\nManual weeding is better. Mulching twice a year discourages weeds and conserves moisture. Spray of Gramoxone is effective in weed management.
\nPlow soil twice a year (once in October, next in January) for effective management of guava orchards. <\/p>\n
Pest & Diseases
\nPESTS
\n\u2022\tScale insect: In Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and Maharashtra, there is a serious problem. These flat, green insects that seem like scales cling to plants, stems, and fruits. Spray a mixture of fish oil rosin soap, methyl demeton, and dimetholate in a crude oil emulsion or water.
\n\u2022\tGuava fruit fly: A dangerous pest that induces fruit dropping. Pluck and burn the infested fruits. Spray 0.5 ml phosphamidon and 2 ml malathion per liter of water.
\n\u2022\tMealybug: These tiny oval-shaped insects sucking sap from young plants have a white waxy surface. Underneath the leaves, in bunches. They have a significant impact on yield. Dimethoate, methyl parathion, or monocroptophos can be sprayed. Thimet, malation, or aldrin can be used to treat soil. Block the upward movement of nymphs on plants by covering the plant base with polythene fabric.
\nDISEASES
\no\tGuava wilt: A serious fungal disease that causes yellowing of leaves, followed by drying, wilting, and dying. More serious in alkaline soils and during
\nmonsoon. Remove dry and wilted parts. Drench with Brasicol at trunk base. Spray Bavistin at earliest infection stage. Injections of 8-Quinolonol Sulfate is effective.
\no\tAnthracnose: Causes spots on leaves and fruits. Remove affected parts. Spray Dithane, Oxychloride, or Difolatan. To control this disease in postharvest fruits, dip them in Aureofungin and Thiabendazole solutions.
\no\tFruit canker: It decreases market value of fruits, as the disease disfigures them. Dip harvested fruits in Ocimum sanctum leaf extract. Or wash them with 1200 ppm Aureofungin. Spray 0.2% Dithane Z-78, 0.3% Difolatan, and 1% Bordeaux mixture.
\no\tStem canker: Infected stems crack and produce lesions. Stem tissues collapse and the twigs wilt.
\no\tCercospora leaf spot: The affected leaves develop water-soaked brown patches. Spray 0.3% Copper Oxychloride or lime sulphur at 1:30 ratio.
\nBronzing is a nutritional disorder that happens due to deficiencies of phosphorus, potassium, and zinc. It occurs because of poor soils or poor cultivation and management practices. Apply NPK, Zinc, and Boron in recommended doses. <\/p>\n
Harvesting
\nGuava fruits should be picked as soon as they mature. The fruit is ready for harvest when its dark green color changes to light and shows yellowish green patches.
\nHand picking is recommended.
\nSeedling trees take 4-5 years to reach the bearing stage, while layered, budded, and grafted trees take 2-3 years to bear. <\/p>\n
Yield
\n\u2022\tGrafted trees can yield up to 350 kg per tree, whereas seedling plants can yield up to 90 kg.
\n\u2022\tIn ideal conditions, a 3-year-old Lucknow 49 tree may produce somewhere between 55 and 60 kilograms.
\n\u2022\tYield varies by variety, cultivation tactics, location, and orchard management.
\n\u2022\tGuava leaves can be used to treat toothaches, mouth ulcers, and inflamed gums at home.
\n\u2022\tGuava contains pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) and niacin (Vitamin B9), which aid to increase mental capacity. It increases flow of blood in brain and improves cognitive performance.
\n\u2022\tGuava is an anti-aging fruit. It improves the appearance of the skin. It has astringent properties.
\n Post harvest management, storage and marketing
\nThe fruits are highly perishable and should be marketed within two days of harvest. Over ripe fruits will not stand a long distance market. Some hormones like Mh, GA have been reported to increase self life of fruits. The fruits can be stored for four weeks in cold storage maintaining the temperatures 8 to 100C and relative humidity 80-90%.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Scientific Name: Psidium guajava. Family: Myrtaceae. Chromosome Number: 2n=44. Guava Varieties Some of the popular varieties include: \u2022 Lucknow 49 (the most popular variety, also called \u2018Sardar\u2019 guava). \u2022 Allahabad Safeda. \u2022 Apple color. \u2022 Pear Shaped. \u2022 Behat Coconut. \u2022 Safeda Jam (hybrid: Allahabad Safeda X Kohir). \u2022 Kohir Safeda (hybrid: Kohir X Allahabad […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":453,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/aasblogs.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/454"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/aasblogs.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/aasblogs.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aasblogs.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aasblogs.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=454"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/aasblogs.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/454\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aasblogs.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/453"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/aasblogs.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=454"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aasblogs.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=454"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aasblogs.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=454"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}