\u25cf Black gram is one of the most important pulses of India. It is also known as “Urad” in India.
\n\u25cf It is used as a nutritive fodder for milch cattle.
\n\u25cf Its deep root system and foliage cover competes with weed effectively and controls soil erosion.
\n\u25cf It has 13% of total pulses area and 10% of total pulses production in India.
\n\u25cf This crop is mainly grown for its protein rich seeds. <\/p>\n
Location :-
\nBlack bean is a food crop cultivated in the Kumaon region in Uttaranchal and Northern India and in the bordering states and countries of Himalayas. <\/p>\n
Soil Type :-
\n\u25cf Black gram can be grown on a variety of soils ranging from sandy soils to heavy cotton soils. \u25cf The most ideal soil is a well drained loam with pH of 6.5 to 7.8.
\n\u25cf Black gram cannot be grown on alkaline and saline soils.
\n\u25cf Land is prepared like any other kharif season pulse crop. <\/p>\n
Commercial Varieties :-
\n\u25cf LBG-20,T-9, Uttara, LBG-623, KU-91-2, Vamban 2, Azad Urid-2, KU-3-1, WBG-26, WBU-108, TU-94 2,ADT-5, Azad-1, Azad-3, M-391,DU-1, IPU 2-43, Mash 114, Mash-479, WBU-109,PU-31, PU-40, Sekhar-1,2,3. <\/p>\n
Land Preparation :-
\n\u25cf The field should be selected where black gram has not been sown in the previous years. \u25cf This is done to avoid volunteer plants which cause admixture.
\n\u25cf The fields that are already cultivated with black bean gram will harbour root rot and wilt pathogen.
\n\u25cf Ploughing should be done in summer with 2-3 harrowing in the pre-monsoon for kharif season. \u25cf The land should be well leveled.5-6 tons of FYM or compost should be mixed at last harrowing. <\/p>\n
Seed Selection :-
\n\u25cf The seeds used for sowing should be purchased from an authorized source.
\n\u25cf Seeds should be naturally pure and should have a fine quality.
\n\u25cf Seeds used for sowing should be effective for a good field stand.
\n\u25cf Seeds should be checked thoroughly and should be free from insects, pests and diseases. <\/p>\n
Time of Sowing :-
\n\u25cf Second Half of June (15-30th June) is the perfect time for sowing the seeds.
\n\u25cf Sowing should start from the third week of Feb to First week of April in summer. <\/p>\n
Sowing depth :-
\n\u25cf The Black Gram seeds are sown @ 2 cm depth with a spacing of 10 cm and 30 cm between rows in the main field.
\nSowing Method
\n\u25cf Sowing should be done in line sowingdrilling method with tractor drawn ferti-cum-seed drill or by bullock drawn ferticum-seed drill\/tifan.
\n\u25cf Ferti-cum-seed drill should be used for the application of fertilizers and seed sowing at a time.<\/p>\n
Seed Rate & Spacing:-
\n\u25cf In kharif season, seed rate is 12-15kg \/ ha and spacing required is 30\u00d710 cm. \u25cf In Summer season, seed rate is 20-25kg \/ ha and spacing required is 20-25\u00d710 cm. <\/p>\n
Seed Treatment :-
\n\u25cf Seed treating fungicide should be used to reduce infection which is caused by fungal pathogens in the soil.
\n\u25cf Seeds should be treated with Bavistin & Thiram at 2.5 g\/kg seed.
\n\u25cf For atmospheric N fixation rhizobium culture should be adapted. <\/p>\n
Fertilizer Management :-
\n\u25cf 20:40:20 NPK kg\/ha along with 20 kg S\/ha greatly increases yield of pulses and also benefits the succeeding crop.
\n\u25cf Boron and Molybdenum give better results in acid soil.
\n\u25cf Foliar spray of 2% DAP and 2% KCl at the Pre-flowering stage enhances the yield. <\/p>\n
Weed Management :-
\n\u25cf Weeding operation is done by the labour by hand weeding.
\n\u25cf Weeding can be controlled by spray fluchloralin 1.5 It\/ha or pendimethalin 2.0 It\/ha as preemergence 3 DAS (days after sowing) followed by one hand weeding 30 DAS (days after sowing).
\n\u25cf Based on the intensity of weeds you can plan for chemical control or hand weeding. <\/p>\n
Water Management ;-
\n\u25cf The pulse crops in Rabi and Pre Rabi seasons are mostly grown in residual soil moisture condition.
\n\u25cf However irrigation should be provided at critical growth stages i.e. flowering and pod development stage. <\/p>\n
Plant Protection :-
\n\u25cf The major diseases are yellow mosaic in northern plains and powdery mildew in southern and south-eastern regions (in rabi).To control insect and pest, yellow mosaic virus, application of Phorate in soil before or at sowing @1 kg\/ha is required.
\n\u25cf Pod borer – spray Triazophos\/ Monocrotophos @ 2ml\/ ltr of water, Carbaryl@ 2 kg\/ha Aphids Spray methyl demeton 25 EC @ 1000 ml\/ha.White fly -Spray the crop with Imidacloprid @ 1 ml\/3.5 litres of water\/Flonicamid-200gm\/Ha.<\/p>\n
Harvesting :-
\n\u25cf The plants are harvested when 80% of the pods are matured and the plants are stacked for a few days before threshing.
\n\u25cf The crop comes to maturity at 80-95 DAS (days after sowing).
\n\u25cf Upon ripening, black gram pods turn from green to yellow and then to black.
\n\u25cf In the case of the irrigated crops, ripened pods can be collected in one or two pickings.
\n\u25cf If all plants mature at the same time, then plants are cut down and spread on the threshing fields to dry.
\n\u25cf The plants will dry and become black and pods start splitting.
\n\u25cf The plants are then beaten using sticks and separate seeds from pods followed by winnowing to remove debris. <\/p>\n
Yield :-
\n\u25cf Yield in Rainfed Area : 600 – 700 kg\/ha
\n\u25cf Yield in Irrigated Area : 1000 – 1300 kg\/ha
\n\u25cf Yield in Rice Follows Area : 500 kg\/ha <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u25cf Black gram is one of the most important pulses of India. It is also known as “Urad” in India. \u25cf It is used as a nutritive fodder for milch cattle. \u25cf Its deep root system and foliage cover competes with weed effectively and controls soil erosion. \u25cf It has 13% of total pulses area […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":430,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/aasblogs.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/431"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/aasblogs.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/aasblogs.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aasblogs.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aasblogs.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=431"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/aasblogs.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/431\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aasblogs.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/430"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/aasblogs.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=431"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aasblogs.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=431"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aasblogs.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=431"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}