Scientific name: Vigna mungo.
\nFamily: Fabaceae.
\nChromosome Number: 2n = 22.<\/p>\n
Importance
\n\u25cf\tBlack gram is one of the most important pulses of India. It is also known as “Urad” in india.
\n\u25cf\tIt is used as a nutritive fodder for milch cattle.
\n\u25cf\tIts deep root system and foliage cover competes with weed effectively and controls soil erosion.
\n\u25cf\tIt has 13% of total pulses area and 10% of total pulses production in India.
\n\u25cf\tThis crop is mainly grown for its protein rich seeds.<\/p>\n
Location
\nBlack bean is a food crop cultivated in the Kumaon region in Uttaranchal and Northern India and in the bordering states and countries of Himalayas.<\/p>\n
Soil Type
\n\u25cf\tBlack gram can be grown on a variety of soils ranging from sandy soils to heavy cotton soils.
\n\u25cf\tThe most ideal soil is a well drained loam with pH of 6.5 to 7.8.
\n\u25cf\tBlack gram cannot be grown on alkaline and saline soils.
\n\u25cf\tLand is prepared like any other kharif season pulse crop.<\/p>\n
Commercial Varieties
\n\u25cf LBG-20,T-9, Uttara, LBG-623, KU-91-2, Vamban 2, Azad Urid-2, KU-3-1, WBG-26, WBU-108, TU-942, ADT-5,
\n Azad-1, Azad-3, M-391,DU-1, IPU 2-43, Mash 114, Mash-479, WBU-109,PU-31, PU-40, Sekhar-1,2,3.<\/p>\n
Land Preparation
\n\u25cf\tThe field should be selected where black gram has not been sown in the previous years.
\n\u25cf\tThis is done to avoid volunteer plants which cause admixture.
\n\u25cf\tThe fields that are already cultivated with black bean gram will harbour root rot and wilt pathogen.
\n\u25cf\tPloughing should be done in summer with 2-3 harrowing in the pre-monsoon for kharif season.
\n\u25cf\tThe land should be well leveled.5-6 tons of FYM or compost should be mixed at last harrowing.<\/p>\n
Seed Selection
\n\u25cf\tThe seeds used for sowing should be purchased from an authorised source.
\n\u25cf\tSeeds should be naturally pure and should have a fine quality.
\n\u25cf\tSeeds used for sowing should be effective for a good field stand.
\n\u25cf\tSeeds should be checked thoroughly and should be free from insects, pests and diseases.<\/p>\n
Time of Sowing
\n\u25cf\tSecond Half of June (15-30th June) is the perfect time for sowing the seeds.
\n\u25cf\tSowing should start from the third week of Feb to First week of April in summer.<\/p>\n
Sowing depth
\n\u25cf The Black Gram seeds are sown @ 2 cm depth with a spacing of 10 cm and 30 cm between rows in the main field.<\/p>\n
Sowing Method
\n\u25cf\tSowing should be done in line sowingdrilling method with tractor drawn ferti-cum-seed drill or by bullock drawn ferticum-seed drill\/tifan.
\n\u25cf\tFerti-cum-seed drill should be used for the application of fertilisers and seed sowing at a time.<\/p>\n
Seed Rate & Spacing
\n\u25cf\tIn kharif season, seed rate is 12-15kg \/ ha and spacing required is 30\u00d710 cm.
\n\u25cf\tIn Summer season, seed rate is 20-25kg \/ ha and spacing required is 20-25\u00d710 cm.<\/p>\n
Seed Treatment
\n\u25cf\tSeed treating fungicide should be used to reduce infection which is caused by fungal pathogens in the soil.
\n\u25cf\tSeeds should be treated with Bavistin & Thiram at 2.5 g\/kg seed.
\n\u25cf\tFor atmospheric N fixation rhizobium culture should be adapted.<\/p>\n
Fertilizer Management
\n\u25cf\t20:40:20 NPK kg\/ha along with 20 kg S\/ha greatly increases yield of pulses and also benefits the succeeding crop.
\n\u25cf\tBoron and Molybdenum give better results in acid soil.
\n\u25cf\tFoliar spray of 2% DAP and 2% KCl at the Pre-flowering stage enhances the yield.<\/p>\n
Weed Management
\n\u25cf\tWeeding operation is done by the labour by hand weeding.
\n\u25cf\tWeeding can be controlled by spray fluchloralin 1.5 It\/ha or pendimethalin 2.0 It\/ha as preemergence 3 DAS (days after sowing) followed by one hand weeding 30 DAS (days after sowing).
\n\u25cf\tBased on the intensity of weeds you can plan for chemical control or hand weeding.<\/p>\n
Water Management
\n\u25cf\tThe pulse crops in Rabi and Pre Rabi seasons are mostly grown in residual soil moisture condition.
\n\u25cf\tHowever, irrigation should be provided at critical growth stages i.e. flowering and pod development stage.<\/p>\n
Plant Protection
\n\u25cf\tThe major diseases are yellow mosaic in northern plains and powdery mildew in southern and south-eastern regions (in rabi).To control insect and pest, yellow mosaic virus, application of Phorate in soil before or at sowing @1 kg\/ha is required.
\n\u25cf\tPod borer – spray Triazophos\/ Monocrotophos @ 2ml\/ ltr of water, Carbaryl@ 2 kg\/ha AphidsSpray methyl demeton 25 EC @ 1000 ml\/ha.White fly -Spray the crop with Imidacloprid @ 1ml\/3.5 litres of water\/Flonicamid-200gm\/Ha.<\/p>\n
Harvesting
\n\u25cf\tThe plants are harvested when 80% of the pods are matured and the plants are stacked for a few days before threshing.
\n\u25cf\tThe crop comes to maturity at 80-95 DAS (days after sowing).
\n\u25cf\tUpon ripening, black gram pods turn from green to yellow and then to black.
\n\u25cf\tIn the case of the irrigated crops, ripened pods can be collected in one or two pickings.
\n\u25cf\tIf all plants mature at the same time, then plants are cut down and spread on the threshing fields to dry.
\n\u25cf\tThe plants will dry and become black and pods start splitting.
\n\u25cf\tThe plants are then beaten using sticks and separate seeds from pods followed by winnowing to remove debris.<\/p>\n
Yield
\n\u25cf\tYield in Rainfed Area : 600 – 700 kg\/ha.
\n\u25cf\tYield in Irrigated Area : 1000 – 1300 kg\/ha.
\n\u25cf\tYield in Rice Follows Area : 500 kg\/ha.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Scientific name: Vigna mungo. Family: Fabaceae. Chromosome Number: 2n = 22. Importance \u25cf Black gram is one of the most important pulses of India. It is also known as “Urad” in india. \u25cf It is used as a nutritive fodder for milch cattle. \u25cf Its deep root system and foliage cover competes with weed effectively […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":410,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/aasblogs.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/411"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/aasblogs.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/aasblogs.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aasblogs.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aasblogs.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=411"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/aasblogs.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/411\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aasblogs.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/410"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/aasblogs.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=411"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aasblogs.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=411"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aasblogs.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=411"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}